Genetic Diversity of Sodefrin-Variant Pheromones and Pheromone Responsiveness in Subspecies of the Japanese Sword-Tail Newt Cynops ensicauda

Genetic Diversity of Sodefrin-Variant Pheromones and Pheromone Responsiveness in Subspecies of the Japanese Sword-Tail Newt Cynops ensicauda

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Experiments were conducted to examine whether the abdominal glands of Cynops ensicauda subspecies (C.e.ensicauda and C.e.

popei) express different mRNAs for sodefrin-like female-attracting pheromone precursors.A precursor diamond painting strand en zee mRNA encoding a novel sex pheromone candidate, [Gln8]sodefrin, was widely detected in the abdominal glands of both of C.ensicauda subspecies.Female partners exhibited a considerable preference for synthetic [Gln8]sodefrin.

Thus, [Gln8]sodefrin was designated caudarin.In C.e.ensicauda, the abdominal glands of males expressed sodefrin precursor mRNA as well, and sodefrin was also effective in attracting female partners.

In addition to caudarin precursor mRNA, the abdominal glands of C.e.popei males expressed silefrin ([Leu3, Gln8]sodefrin) precursor mRNA, as reported previously.Moreover, imorin, a male-attracting pheromone previously identified in C.

pyrrhogaster females, was effective in attracting C.e.ensicauda males but not males of C.e.

popei.Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that trans-specific wella color touch 77 45 possession of sodefrin genes was likely because of gene occurrence preceding speciation of C.ensicauda and C.pyrrhogaster, and that the additional occurrence of silefrin in C.

e.popei possibly resulted from duplication of the caudarin gene.Differences in pheromone components among Cynops species and subspecies reflect the speciation route estimated by previous molecular genetic analyses.